There are other side-effects worth noting. In the UK, given the gender pay gap, the financial threshold to qualify to sponsor a spouse or partner makes it harder for women to sponsor would-be immigrant husbands than for husbands to sponsor wives, reinforcing women’s dependency on men even as official policy declares its aim to be gender neutral and to discourage the importation of inegalitarian gender values.92 To the extent that policy also aims to discourage immigration from countries in which arranged or non-voluntary marriage is normal, the penalty of deportation for immigrant spouses who
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