Two years after the passage of the Civil Rights Act—barely a year after the passage of the landmark Voting Rights Act—54 percent of white Americans said they thought the civil rights marches were “not justified,” according to an August 1966 Harris poll.1 In October, 85 percent of whites responded that the “demonstrations by negroes on civil rights” hurt the “advancement of negro rights.”2 By June 1969, only 32 percent of respondents felt Black protesters were “trying to be helpful.”3 Because of the civil rights movement, the country finally began to address the disparities, inequality, and
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