An example of an inactivated vaccine is Covaxin which was created in India by the National Institute of Virology of the Indian Council of Medical Research, and Bharat Biotech. Thousands of participants were being enrolled for a Phase III clinical trial in late November 2020.16 Other vaccines can be made from protein parts of viruses or virus-like particles, all of which are deficient in some key component present in an infectious virus. Some of these also require adjuvants to fire up the immune system. A few vaccines consist of virus proteins packed into nanoparticles and injected into the
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