In 1865, Clausius revisited the two laws of thermodynamics that he had first stated in his paper of fifteen years prior. He updated them by employing the word energy instead of Kraft, and he added his own coinage, entropy. The laws state: 1. The energy of the universe is constant. 2. The entropy of the universe tends to a maximum. (Universe means any system that’s closed or sealed off. But because the universe we live in has nothing beyond it, it is true that its energy cannot change and its entropy tends to rise. More intuitively, the second law can be stated: the entropy of any closed system
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