In a 2004 study, Naomi Oreskes examined all 928 papers on the topic of “global climate change” published between 1993 and 2003, and found that exactly none of them disagreed with the consensus scientific position on global warming.28 In a 2012 follow-up, James L. Powell found that of 13,950 peer-reviewed articles on climate change from 1991 to 2012, only twenty-four of them (0.17 percent) rejected the idea of global warming.29 In a 2014 update of 2,258 more articles, Powell found only one additional paper that challenged the scientific consensus on climate change.
