positive category are the elimination of famines, reduced mortalities (particularly in infancy) and lengthened life expectancies, higher per capita incomes, greater accumulations of household wealth, wider opportunities for higher education and for travel, and affordable access to virtually unlimited information. The most challenging negative social outcomes include burdens imposed by aging populations, diffusion of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, increasing intra- and international income disparities, excessive concentration of wealth, poor quality of mass education, a surfeit of dubious
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