The descendants of the Beringians would come to populate the Americas in total isolation from all human populations in the Old World. They arrived before any humans on Earth had invented written language or agriculture; independent of any input from their Old World relatives, they innovated these things from scratch. Their lineage would discover hundreds of new ways of being human, and rise to an estimated population of fifty million to one hundred million before Spanish conquistadors brought the Old and New World populations into violent reconnection many thousands of years later.