Nor had anyone ever doubted that Roosevelt would use it. “At no time, from 1941 to 1945, did I ever hear it suggested by the President, or by any other responsible member of the government, that atomic energy should not be used in the war,” wrote Stimson. “All of us of course understood the terrible responsibility involved . . . President Roosevelt particularly spoke to me many times of his own awareness of the catastrophic potentialities of our work. But we were at war. . . .”