The fervor with partnerships has also stifled critique, debate, and alternatives. Perhaps the most notable education partnership of the past 2 decades, “Education for All” (EFA), has demonstrated this problem with partnership fervor. Prior to EFA, World Bank policies were constantly and openly challenged by major aid agencies. Since the formation of the global EFA partnership, this has visibly changed. Formerly vocal critics of the Bank and its policies, like the Canadian and Scandinavian aid agencies, UNICEF, and UNDP, may still offer criticisms, but much more softly and privately.
