Done well, the candidate plans the roadmap out backward, starting at the end state and identifying smaller and smaller units of change. With each step, we are designing tests to find weaknesses in the organization’s operational excellence that we can resolve. It’s important that our roadmap is structured around proving we have something with a simple test, rather than steps that assert we do. On large projects, it’s easy for people to become confused or misreport the ground truth. It is useful to know how a leader would construct a test to verify information.