Himmler, the SS, SD and Gestapo were the chief agents of terror which was both cause and effect of the vicious, rising cycle of resistance and oppression throughout Europe. Terror was the method in which the Party was born. Terror begat terror. Yet all three armed services assisted in the restoration of internal discipline by this means and, like the big industrialists, made use of slave labour for their war production, co-operated with the SD and handed over certain categories of prisoner to them ‘for special treatment’ in full knowledge of the meaning of that euphemism. Himmler was, as he
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