three common objections to reform efforts. First, such efforts might be perverse, in the sense that they will aggravate the very problem they are intended to solve. Second, they might be futile; they might not change things at all. Third, they put other important values in jeopardy (such as when an effort to protect labor unions and the right to unionize is said to hurt economic growth). Perversity, futility, and jeopardy might be offered as objections to noise reduction,
