In most, perhaps all, countries that I am aware of, loyalty is defined in law only negatively. All constitutional provisions and statute books define disloyalty: treason, sedition, espionage, sabotage, and related crimes are proscribed and punishable by law. But loyalty to the nation is not itself defined, and the failure to adhere to some invisible, and indivisible, code of nationalism is not illegal. For the ethnonationalists to suggest it is illegitimate gives rise to new sources of tension that militate against the classic nationalist project of national integration.
