EVERY GENERATION REMAKES the office to suit its needs. The Industrial Revolution produced the factory, and the large manufacturing floors championed by the mechanical engineer Frederick Taylor were the original open-plan offices. When the first white-collar workspaces emerged in the twentieth century, they resembled an assembly line. In 1939, Frank Lloyd Wright’s Johnson Wax Headquarters introduced brighter lighting and more humanity. Cubicles took off in the 1980s alongside the desktop computer, giving workers a bit more individual privacy and dominating the work landscape until Silicon
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