a result, the pioneers of CRISPR-Cas9 ended up in three competing companies: CRISPR Therapeutics, founded by Charpentier and Novak; Editas Medicine, which included Zhang and Church and Doudna until she resigned; and Intellia Therapeutics, which included Doudna, Barrangou, Sontheimer, Marraffini, and Haurwitz.
