This practice was severely criticized as execrable administration by the one “professional manager” in Roosevelt’s Cabinet, his secretary of the Interior, Harold Ickes, whose diaries are full of diatribes against the President’s “sloppiness,” “indiscretions,” and “treachery.” But Roosevelt knew that the main task of an American President is not administration. It is the making of policy, the making of the right decisions. And these are made best on the basis of “adversary proceedings” to use the term of the lawyers for their method of getting at the true facts in a dispute, and of making sure
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