In an effort to improve our assumptions, we established a feedback loop to measure how well a team’s estimates matched its eventual results, adding another layer of accountability. Jeff Wilke stashed away paper copies of approved NPI proposals so he could check the predictions against actual results later. The added transparency and accountability helped bring team estimates closer to reality, but ultimately not close enough. A year or more could pass between the first presentation and measurable results, which is a long time to wait in order to learn what adjustments are needed. All