France places curbs on certain clothing and accessories and the rule is applied equally, but it may still be considered illiberal. America, barring some exceptions, also has undifferentiated citizenship, while still retaining a normative attachment to liberty. Its jurisprudence is evolving in such a manner that even its taxpayer-funded, race-based affirmative action programmes have to increasingly show that they are not based exclusively on identity and instead have intrinsic pedagogical or diversity benefits.
