As Canadian philosopher Jan Narveson writes in his book Respecting Persons in Theory and Practice34: Only individuals can make decisions, have values, engage in reasoning and deliberation: and the subject matter of morals is how entities capable of doing these things should do them. Facts about group decisions and actions are logically contingent on the occurring of acts of communication and responsive behaviour among individuals, who establish chains of commands and other patterns of behaviour responsive to the behaviour of others.