The 93rd amendment was designed to overturn two key judicial pronouncements given in favour of individual and equal rights. The first was the verdict of the eleven-judge bench in T.M.A. Pai vs State of Karnataka (2002), which held that all citizens should have equal rights in the domain of education and the second verdict was of the seven-judge bench in P.N. Inamdar vs State of Maharashtra (2005), which ruled that unaided institutions (whether minority or non-minority) could not be subjected to the government’s reservation policy.
