Calamities continued to occur at this time of year and they all became part of the Tisha B’Av mythos. There was an expulsion from England in the thirteenth century, a fifteenth-century expulsion from Spain, and the various massacres connected with the Crusades. Even the assassination of the Archduke Francis Ferdinand at Sarajevo, the event that precipitated World War I, took place on the ninth day of the month of Av. While this was not a specifically Jewish calamity, some historians see it as the precipitating event of the Holocaust.
