exercise without dietary change can help to affect five of the eight subcellular pathologies (see Chapter 7): mitochondrial dysfunction by generating newer and fresher mitochondria; insulin resistance by reducing skeletal muscle and liver fat; improvement of propensities toward autophagy and reduce inflammatory markers; and maybe even epigenetics, although this effect appears to be mediated through exercise’s suppression of inflammation. However, exercise alone won’t improve glycation, oxidative stress (exercise actually makes this worse), or membrane integrity and fluidity.
