these eight processes, when working right, contribute to longevity; but when not working right underlie the various chronic diseases that result in mortality. They’re not considered diseases per se—as they don’t have an easy lab test or biomarker. They don’t have an ICD-11 code, so they aren’t reimbursable. They don’t have a drug target (see Chapter 10), so doctors don’t talk about any of them with their patients—because why would you want to bring up something you can’t solve? It recalls a saying I learned while I was a visiting professor in Paris, “If there is no solution, there is no
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