Japan stunned the world with the victory over Russia at Port Arthur in northwest China and the US Naval War College initiated War Plan Orange, examining both containment scenarios and, if necessary, a strategy to defeat Japan.10 In barely fifty years, this once backward Asian country had listened, watched, and learned and molded itself into a European style industrial and military power, going head-to-head first with Russia and now, it seemed, with the United States. It is little wonder that President Theodore Roosevelt was anxious.
