In the case where we receive true noise, individual signals never repeat themselves in the same order. In this sense a “noise series” would be, say, a thousand numbers that show on a roulette wheel. It would be quite impossible for the next thousand turns of the wheel to repeat, in the same sequence, the results of the preceding series. This is precisely the essence of “noise,” that the order of appearance of its elements—be they sounds or other signals—is unforeseeable. If, however, the series repeats itself, it proves that the “noise” quality of the phenomenon is superficial, that in fact we
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