Put simply (or as simply as possible, given that this is Hegel and Marx), the dynamic dialectical process by which history moves forward is for Hegel an intellectual one, a struggle between ideas in the self-consciousness. For Marx, the basic pattern of Hegelian dialectic is sound, but it is not ideas that drive the historical process; rather, it is material conditions and relations. Hegel must be turned on his head: it is not ideas and the self-consciousness that grasps them that shape the material conditions of the world but the material conditions that shape the ideas and the
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