“Boxed In by Your Inbox,” published in 2019 in The Journal of Applied Psychology, which used multiple daily surveys to study the impact of email on the effectiveness of a group of forty-eight managers in various industries.21 One of the paper’s authors summarized their findings as follows: “When managers are the ones trying to recover from email interruptions, they fail to meet their goals, they neglect manager-responsibilities and their subordinates don’t have the leadership behavior they need to thrive.”
