Merrifield and Bingman named what they observed in this kind of learning “other-oriented learning strategies.”752 Paradise and Rogoff called this “a panhuman phenomenon,” “an integrated learning tradition,” and “a cultural tradition of humanity.”753 Ventura et al. referred to “the ‘default’ processing style.”754 Knighton added: “Orality, far from being primitive and savage, is pervasive and cohesive.”755 Even Ong believed orality to be “the primary modeling system.”756 I actually think this latter term a better, more inclusive description.
