By the mid-twentieth century, though, racial minorities had begun to assert both their increased presence and their capacity for organizing to combat injustice. The civil rights movement of the 1950s and ’60s led to a raft of new laws to address historical inequality. Likewise, the American Indian Movement, El Movimiento (the Chicano Movement), and court decisions to force language equity in schools and desegregation in housing benefited more and more people of color. Still, today, as we know, racial inequality festers in our politics, our economics, and the lived experiences of Americans of
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