Voter fraud refers typically to one of two occurrences: (1) impersonating another voter or (2) a noncitizen, nonresident, or ineligible voter effectively casting a ballot. The former almost never happens; in fact, an American is more likely to be struck by lightning than to impersonate a voter.3 To be more specific, according to analysis, out of 1 billion votes cast between 2000 and 2014, only 31 instances of voter impersonation occurred.4 As to noncitizen or nonresident voting, the almost universal explanation is voter confusion. In the United States, we have fifty-one different democracies
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