Arizona had been a strong proponent of literacy tests to block Latino and Native American voters from accessing the ballot. The state also allowed for “voter challenges” where others could question whether a person should be allowed to cast a vote. This behavior, which functioned as legalized harassment, discouraged Latino and Native American voters from trying to participate until the VRA banned most of the egregious practices. In 2005, Arizona had four hundred polling locations; as of 2019, the number had dropped to sixty.
