space, cost was no object. In the mid-1950s, PV cells ran about $300 per watt. The cost fell to about $80/W in the mid-1970s, to $10/W by the late 1980s, to $1/W by 2011, and by late 2019 PV cells were selling for just 8–12 cents per watt, with further declines certain to come (of course, the cost of installing PV panels and associated equipment in order to generate electricity is substantially higher, depending on the scale of a project: they now range from tiny roof installations to large solar fields in deserts).