Hamilton and Madison, the younger founders, differed from their elders in their relationship to classicism. They knew the ancient texts, but had less faith in the classical values propounded there. Some twenty-three of the eighty-five Federalist Papers quote or reflect classical authorities, and all of them were published under the pen name Publius.46 There are twice as many references to Greeks as to Romans, mainly because of Madison’s interest in the governance of ancient Greek republics.47
