The world’s infrastructure was racing online. So was the world’s data. The most reliable way to access those systems and data was a zero-day. In the United States, government hackers and spies hoarded zero-days for the sake of espionage, or in the event they might need to do what the Pentagon calls D5—“deny, degrade, disrupt, deceive, or destroy”—an adversary’s critical infrastructure in the event of war one day.

