Almost as soon as Trump nullified the Iran nuclear deal, sensors all over the world lit up with Iranian cyberattacks. Initially these were phishing attacks aimed at European diplomats, in an apparent effort to gauge how likely our allies were to follow Trump out the door. But by the end of 2018 Iran’s hackers were slamming into U.S. government agencies, telecoms, and critical infrastructure at a rate we had never seen. They were now the most active nation-state hackers in our digital orbit, more prolific even than China.

