The United States wasn’t Putin’s only target. The Russians worked to help the election campaign of French right-wing nationalist Marine Le Pen through hacking and spies, and even loaned her millions of euros during the election. They engaged in aggressive cyber espionage of German politicians, meddled in the December 2016 referendum on the fate of the Italian government, and even tried to influence the 2016 Brexit vote in the United Kingdom. Putin has shown a willingness to do anything to weaken the EU, European cooperation, and multinational democratic institutions.
