Beyond evaluating the benefits and risks of each potential medical countermeasure to treat the infected, control the spread, or prevent recurrence, many fundamental ethical questions must also be addressed. The most complex are these: Who decides the specific parameters of each clinical development pathway; how are the decisions made; and what are the near- and long-term impacts and implications of these decisions? Said differently, who decides “who shall live” and adjudicates the ethical implications of decisions that are inherent in the clinical development pathway for new medical
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