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what is needed is less focus on statistical significance – a p-value below the arbitrary threshold of 0.05 – and more on practical significance. In a study with a large enough sample size (and high enough statistical power), even very small effects – for example, a pill reducing headache symptoms by one per cent of one point on our 1–5 pain scale – can come up as statistically significant, often with p-values far below 0.05, though they could be essentially useless in absolute terms.
