The Mosaic Covenant. What then is the “old covenant” in contrast with the “new covenant” in Christ? It is not the whole of the Old Testament because the covenants with Abraham and David are never called “old” in the New Testament. Rather, only the covenant under Moses, the covenant made at Mount Sinai (Ex. 19–24), is called the “old covenant” (2 Cor. 3:14; cf. Heb. 8:6, 13)