A study from 2010 of social mobility, using as a metric sons’ incomes compared to their fathers’ in eight western European countries and Australia and North America, found that Denmark, Norway, Finland, and Canada are the most mobile by a lot; the United States was third from the bottom. A 2018 World Bank study ranked each of the world’s countries by its fraction of younger citizens who are Ragged Dicks—that is, Horatio Alger types born into the economic lower half who made it to the top quarter before they’re old. Among the fifty countries at the bottom of the two hundred, those with the
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