We have learned to “tune” the words we use to fit the person on the receiving end; we to some extent select according to what we think is the channel noise, though clearly this does not match the model I am using above, since there is significant noise in the decoding process, shall we say. This inability of the receiver to “hear what is said” by a person in a higher management position but to hear only what they expect to hear is, of course, a serious problem in every large organization, and is something you should be keenly aware of as you rise towards the top of the organization. Thus the
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