Many defense and technology experts, such as Paul Scharre, Heather Roff, and Joe Chapa, have written extensively on the serious ethical and technical challenges involved in the military use of intelligent machines—challenges that the deepening strategic competition between the United States and China is only exacerbating.1 Artificial intelligence, at present, can be brittle, opaque, unreliable, unpredictable, and prone to error. It struggles to contextualize information. But as the technology becomes more capable, which is happening quickly, the possibility of relying on increasingly
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