One of the lessons of recent decades is that racial caste systems can grow and thrive even when our elected leaders claim to be progressive and espouse the rhetoric of equality, inclusion, and civil rights. President Bill Clinton, who publicly aligned himself with the black community and black leaders, escalated the racially discriminatory drug war in part to avoid being cast by conservatives as “soft on crime.” Similarly, President Obama publicly preached values of inclusion and compassion toward immigrants, yet he escalated the detention and deportation of non-citizens.