Because the US is a White supremacist society in which whiteness is considered both normative and superior, White people can—and most often do—live free from daily awareness of race and racism. Consequently, they lack (1) an awareness of how their own personalities, identities, and cultural preferences have been shaped by whiteness; (2) the vocabulary and rudimentary knowledge base needed to discuss structural racism competently; and (3) the biopsychosocial stamina to withstand racial stress. Their solutions to racism, then, tend to emphasize efforts that remain within their comfort zone:
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