we aspire to be good promisors; bad promisors are untrustworthy people. So what do good promisors do? They keep their promises. But not only this: they make the right promises in the first place. Promises are offered and accepted in the spirit of hope, whilst a broken promise is a sad business. And not just sad, but bad: breaking a promise is not the worst crime imaginable, yet it is paradigmatically wrong, unless there are extenuating circumstances.

