Adolph Murie, the founding father of wolf research, investigated their relationship as long ago as the 1940s, and concluded that they could coexist in good numbers. He did discover a certain degree of mutual theft – foxes need no second invitation to help themselves to the leftovers of wolf-killed deer, and wolves readily dig up any caches that a fox has buried. They also steal earths. Every wolf den that Murie located in Alaska’s Denali National Park was an enlarged ex-fox den. Many wolf dens in Białowieża are also acquired from foxes.
