2. Sadness. This emotion often stems from a sense of loss, in a broad array of situations. We feel sadness when we lose a loved one to death or separation, and we go through a grieving process as we adjust to our new situation. We also feel sad when we lose a useful or valuable object—for instance, a cell phone—or when our car breaks down or our income is reduced. There is also a more existential kind of sadness, which invites us to reflect, such as when we lose hope or the will to live for no apparent reason and find ourselves in a state of apathy that leaves us diminished. When this sadness
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