Kindle Notes & Highlights
alpha bias, or the tendency to exaggerate differences, whereas the latter perspective is prone to beta bias, or the tendency to ignore differences.
The counselor and client establish a culturally appropriate relationship.
The counselor identifies career issues that the client brings to counseling.
Fouad and Bingham (1995) identify five categories of career issues: cognitive, social/emotional, behavioral, environmental, and external.
Once the counselor and client have determined the career issues and the influence of culture on those career issues, they set culturally appropriate processes and goals.
Once the goals and processes have been determined, the counselor and client determine and implement a culturally appropriate intervention.
The counselor helps the client make a culturally appropriate decision.
In fact, the family unit is the decision maker for many clients, particularly those from cultural minority groups.
Reliability indicates how free the assessment tool is from error, or the consistency or dependability of test results.
Evidence of validity indicates the appropriateness of inferences or conclusions drawn from test results.
Celerity refers to the speed with which an individual initiates interaction with his or her environment.
Pace indicates the intensity or activity level of one’s interaction with the environment.
Rhythm is the pattern of the pace of interaction with the environment (steady, cyclical, or erratic), and endurance refers to the sustaining of interaction with the environment.
Flexibility is the ability to tolerate a mismatch (discorrespondence) between needs and rewards offered by the environment before doing something to make an adjustment.
Perseverance is continuing in the job after a mismatch is noted and the individual works to bring it into adjustment,
Gottfredson proposes that four developmental processes provide an explanation: cognitive growth, self-creation, circumscription, and compromise.
Circumscription is the process by which children narrow the “zone of acceptable alternatives” by progressive elimination of unacceptable alternatives, or those that conflict with one’s self-concept
Career construction theory “views career as a story that individuals tell about their working life, not progress down a path or up a ladder” (Savickas, 2013, p. 6). While everyone has an “objective” career, they also construct a subjective career with which to impose meaning and direction on their behavior.
Assessment of career adaptability involves assessing the client’s career concern, the developmental tasks the client is encountering, and the skills and resources the individual brings to resolving those tasks.
Career concern
Career control entails the ability to have control over one’s own choices,
Career curiosity follows self-control, as an individual becomes inquisitive about his or her interests and occupational alternatives.
Career confidence reflects self-efficacy or anticipating success regarding education and career.
Decent work is defined by the International Labor Organization (Duffy, Blustein, Diemer, & Autin, 2016) as work that is safe, that has adequate free time and rest, allows for work–family balance, has adequate compensation, and has access to health care.
Proactive personality is defined as “taking initiative to influence one’s environment”
Critical consciousness consists of the critical reflection to perceive social inequities, the political capacity and confidence to effect social change, and action to enact change, particularly in the face of oppression.
Social support is the support felt from relations...
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economic conditions play in the availability ...
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Blustein’s (2006) initial Psychology of Working Framework focused on three fundamental human needs that are potentially fulfilled by working: need for survival, need for relatedness, and need for self-determination.
The application of a psychology of working perspective is different from the other approaches we have considered in the previous chapters in that it is designed to be inclusive of change at both the individual and institutional levels.
The first is a needs assessment and the second focuses on the sources of agentic action.
The first is critical reflection and action,
The second cluster of sources is called proactive engagement.
The third cluster is social support, to identify areas of support, or redirect individuals to find more support.
Thus, counselors working from a PWT perspective would wonder about the client’s needs for survival, relational, and/or self-determination purposes.
