The most noticeable effect of aging, apart from wrinkles and hair loss, is the decline in intellectual processing that some people undergo. But not all people. Some of us remain happy, healthy, and mentally fit while others start to lose it. What’s going on in the brains of those older adults who remain mentally vital into their eighties and nineties? Are they just barely hanging on to what they had, or are they actually improving in some ways? I’ve come to believe that life after seventy-five can launch a period of intellectual growth, and not mere maintenance.