Nigel Farage, a former commodities trader and founding UKIP member, ousted the leader of the party. Farage became leader in 2006, and under his leadership, UKIP began stoking virulent anti-immigration sentiment among working-class whites and tapping into nostalgia for Britain’s imperial past in wealthy white communities. The world had been transformed by the September 11 attacks, the rise of Islamophobia, and the conflicts of the Bush and Blair years. As the fate of black and brown refugees developed into a European crisis, Cameron moved to appease nationalist sentiment to retain right-wing
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